QUINTESSENCE SKIN SCIENCE CLARIFYING UNDER-EYE SERUM 60 Capsules Is a specialized nighttime clarifying product for diminishing the appearance of dark, under-eye circles, giving this area an overall brighter, healthier looking appearance. This unique formulation gently delivers concentrated levels of Retinol, the purest form of Vitamin A, as well as Vitamin K1 to decrease the appearance of pigmentation, improve skin texture and smooth fine lines and wrinkles under the delicate eye area. The patented* time release delivery system also contains Vitamins C and E as well as Green Tea Extract to help fight free-radical damage and keep skin looking vibrant. RESULTS BACKED BY SCIENCE: Suborbital Hyperpigmentation (dark circles under the eyes) is a widespread cosmetic problem. Until very recently no cosmetic treatments could satisfactorily address this problem. The products on the market were either a type of high-coverage make-up or merely moisturizers with marketing claims. As with many cosmetic skin conditions related to aging, a combination of factors lead to the final appearance of unsightly dark areas under the eyes: Heredity - many individuals develop dark circles at a very young age. Ethnicity - subjects of certain national origins tend to have increased tendency to suborbital hyperpigmentation. Thin Skin - some individuals have thinner skin than others, which allows pigmentation to more readily show through the delicate suborbital region. Two additional factors interplay to increase this darkness over time, photoaging and gravity. As the skin stretches down from the eyelid area due to gravity, the additional thinness caused by the stretching allows any pigment in the under-eye area to become more visible. Additionally, exposure to ultraviolet rays over time increase the melanin in this area contributing to the dark appearance. UVA induced actinic damage, manifested as telangiectasia (broken and dead-end blood vessels) in the area, combine with the other factors